Ink is then applied to the stone with a roller. To provide a base for inking, a layer of asphaltum is then buffed onto the entire surface of the stone and allowed to dry.īefore the stone is ready for inking, it is dampened with water, which is absorbed only in the blank areas. The original drawing is then wiped away with a solvent, known as lithotine, which leaves a ghost-like trace of the image on the stone. At the same time, the solution ensures that the blank areas of the stone will absorb water and repel printing ink. The chemical reaction between the solution and the stone fixes the greasy image that is drawn with the oil-based lithographic crayon. Gum arabic, or a combination of gum arabic with a mild acid solution, is then brushed onto the stone. A layer of powdered rosin is rubbed onto the stone, followed by a layer of powdered talc. Once the design is complete, the stone is ready to be processed or etched. Lithography is a planographic printmaking process in which a design is drawn onto a flat stone (or prepared metal plate, usually zinc or aluminum) and affixed by means of a chemical reaction.įirst, the design for the lithograph is drawn directly onto a polished slab of limestone using an oil-based lithographic crayon or ink.
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